OSPF综合实验报告 - ゛﹊天命嘻哈 - 51CTO技术博客-领先的IT技术博客

1.1 实验任务

在网络中为路由器配置Loopback地址，组建OSPF的Stubby区域、主干区域和NSSA区域，配置虚链路和RIP路由协议。

1.2 实验环境和网络拓扑

1.3 完成标准

(1) 按照拓扑图要求连接路由器，在R1和R2间配置Stu区域，在R2和R3间配置虚链路，在R3和R4 间配置主干区，在R4和R5间配置NSSA区域，在R5和R6间配置RIP路由。

(2) 检查路由表，所有路由器间都能通信。

2．详细操作步骤

Step 1: 配置路由器

路由器R1配置如下：

Router>en

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#ho R1

R1(config)#interface loopback 0 //配置Loopback地址

R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

R1(config-if)#interface f0/0 //配置端口IP

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#no shut

R1(config-if)#exit

*Dec 8 21:22:42.559: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

*Dec 8 21:22:43.559: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R1(config)#interface f0/0

R1(config-if)#duplex full //设置端口全双工模式

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#router ospf 1 //配置进程为1的OSPF

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //配置区域1的网段

R1(config-router)#area 1 stub //配置区域1为末梢区域

R1(config-router)#exit

*Dec 8 21:31:14.959: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R1(config)#exit

路由器R2配置如下：

Router>en

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#ho R2

R2(config)#interface loopback 0 //配置Loopback地址

R2(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.0.0.0

R2(config-if)#interface f1/1 //配置端口IP

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shut

*Dec 8 21:23:38.195: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up

*Dec 8 21:23:39.195: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#interface f0/0 //配置端口IP

R2(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0

R2(config-if)#no shut

*Dec 8 21:24:06.279: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

*Dec 8 21:24:07.279: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R2(config-if)#duplex full //设置端口全双工模式

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#router ospf 2 //配置进程为2的OSPF

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 area 1 //配置区域1的网段

R2(config-router)#area 1 stub //配置区域1为末梢区域

*Dec 8 21:31:14.311: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 1.1.1.1 on FastEthernet1/1

from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 //配置区域2的网段

R2(config-router)#exit

*Dec 8 21:32:22.555: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R2(config)#router ospf 2

R2(config-router)#area 2 virtual-link 3.3.3.3 //配置区域2虚链路为R3的RID

R2(config-router)#exit

*Dec 8 21:38:31.471: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 2, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on OSPF_VL0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R2(config)#exit

路由器R3配置如下：

Router>en

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#ho R3

R3(config)#interface loopback 0 //配置Loopback地址

R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.3 255.0.0.0

R3(config-if)#interface f1/1 //配置端口IP

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.20.2 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shut

R3(config-if)#interface f0/0 //配置端口IP

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#no shut

R3(config-if)#

*Dec 8 21:26:20.175: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

*Dec 8 21:26:21.175: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R3(config-if)#duplex full //设置端口全双工模式

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#router ospf 3 //配置进程为3的OSPF

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 0.0.0.255 area 2 //配置区域2的网段

*Dec 8 21:32:22.947: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 3, Nbr 2.2.2.2 on FastEthernet1/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //配置区域0的网段-骨干区域

R3(config-router)#exit

*Dec 8 21:33:11.855: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 3, Nbr 4.4.4.4 on FastEthernet0/0from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

*Dec 8 21:37:51.639: %OSPF-4-ERRRCV: Received invalid packet: mismatch area ID, from backbone area must be virtual-link but not found from 192.168.20.1, FastEthernet1/1

R3(config)#router ospf 3

R3(config-router)#area 2 virtual-link 2.2.2.2 //配置区域2虚链路为R2的RID

R3(config-router)#exit

路由器R4配置如下：

Router>en

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#ho R4

R4(config)#interface loopback 0 //配置Loopback地址

R4(config-if)#ip address 4.4.4.4 255.0.0.0

R4(config-if)#interface f1/1 //配置端口IP

R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.2 255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#no shut

*Dec 8 21:27:10.603: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up

*Dec 8 21:27:11.603: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up

R4(config-if)#interface f0/0 //配置端口IP

R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#no shut

*Dec 8 21:27:30.795: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

*Dec 8 21:27:31.795: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R4(config-if)#duplex full //设置端口全双工模式

R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#router ospf 4 //配置进程为4的OSPF

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 //配置区域0的网段-骨干区域

*Dec 8 21:33:12.371: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 4, Nbr 3.3.3.3 on FastEthernet1/1from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 3 //配置区域3的网段

R4(config-router)#area 3 nssa //配置区域3为NSSA区域

R4(config-router)#exit

*Dec 8 21:34:29.371: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 4, Nbr 5.5.5.5 on FastEthernet0/0from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R4(config)#exit

路由器R5配置如下：

Router>en

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#ho R5

R5(config)#interface loopback 0 //配置Loopback地址

R5(config-if)#ip address 5.5.5.5 255.0.0.0

R5(config-if)#interface f1/1 //配置端口IP

R5(config-if)#ip address 192.168.40.2 255.255.255.0

R5(config-if)#no shut

R5(config-if)#

*Dec 8 21:28:23.147: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up

*Dec 8 21:28:24.147: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up

R5(config-if)#interface f0/0 //配置端口IP

R5(config-if)#ip address 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0

R5(config-if)#no shut

R5(config-if)#

*Dec 8 21:28:40.935: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

*Dec 8 21:28:41.935: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet0/0, changed state to up

R5(config-if)#duplex full //设置端口全双工模式

R5(config-if)#exit

R5(config)#router ospf 5 //配置进程为5的OSPF

R5(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 0.0.0.255 area 3 //配置区域3的网段

R5(config-router)#area 3 nssa //配置区域3为NSSA区域

*Dec 8 21:34:29.667: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 5, Nbr 4.4.4.4 on FastEthernet1/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R5(config-router)#exit

R5(config)#router rip //配置RIP路由协议

R5(config-router)#version 2 //版本2

R5(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 //路由到R5所在网段

R5(config-router)#redistribute ospf 5 metric 10 //重分发进程5的OSPF度量值10

R5(config-router)#exit

R5(config)#router ospf 5

R5(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets //重分发RIP路由所有子网

R5(config-router)#exit

R5(config)#exit

路由器R6配置如下：

Router>en

Router#conf t

Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.

Router(config)#ho R6

R6(config)#interface loopback 0 //配置Loopback地址

R6(config-if)#ip address 6.6.6.6 255.0.0.0

R6(config-if)#interface f1/1 //配置端口IP

R6(config-if)#ip address 192.168.50.2 255.255.255.0

R6(config-if)#no shut

R6(config-if)#exit

*Dec 8 21:29:31.367: %LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up

*Dec 8 21:29:32.367: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface FastEthernet1/1, changed state to up

R6(config)#router rip //配置RIP路由协议

R6(config-router)#version 2 //版本2

R6(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0 //路由到R5所在网段

R6(config-router)#network 6.0.0.0 //路由到Loopback网段

R6(config-router)#exit

Step 2: 检查各路由器上的路由表

路由器R1路由表显示如下：

C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0

//1.0.0.0/8网段直连，环路0

O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:31, FastEthernet0/0

//OSPF Inter-Area 区域内192.168.30.0/24网段 [路径110/代价3]通过192.168.10.2 时间31秒，端口F0/0

C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

//192.168.10.0/24网段直连，端口F0/0

O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/4] via 192.168.10.2, 00:00:31, FastEthernet0/0

//OSPF Inter-Area 区域内192.168.40.0/24 网段[路径110/代价4]通过192.168.10.2 时间31秒端口F0/0

O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.10.2, 00:01:21, FastEthernet0/0

//OSPF Inter-Area 区域内192.168.20.0/24网段 [路径110/代价2]通过192.168.10.2 时间21秒端口F0/0

O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/2] via 192.168.10.2, 00:01:21, FastEthernet0/0

//OSPF 候选默认 Inter-Area 区域内 0.0.0.0/0网段[路径110/代价2]通过192.168.10.2 时间21秒端口F0/0

路由器R2路由表显示如下：

C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0

O 192.168.30.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:45, FastEthernet0/0

C 192.168.10.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/1

O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:45, FastEthernet0/0

O E2 6.0.0.0/8 [110/20] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:45, FastEthernet0/0

//OSPF External Type 2 外部路径类型2 6.0.0.0/8网段[路径110/代价20]通过192.168.20.2 时间45秒，端口F0/0

C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O E2 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.20.2, 00:00:45, FastEthernet0/0

//OSPF External Type 2 外部路径类型2 192.168.50.0/24网段[路径110/代价20]通过192.168.20.2 时间45秒，端口F0/0

路由器R3路由表显示如下：

C 3.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0

C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.20.1, 00:00:51, FastEthernet1/1

O IA 192.168.40.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.30.2, 00:00:51, FastEthernet0/0

O E2 6.0.0.0/8 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:00:41, FastEthernet0/0

C 192.168.20.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/1

O E2 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.30.2, 00:00:41, FastEthernet0/0

路由器R4路由表显示如下：

C 192.168.30.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/1

C 4.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0

O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:58, FastEthernet1/1

C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O N2 6.0.0.0/8 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:00:58, FastEthernet0/0

//OSPF NSSA External Type 2 非纯末梢区域外部路径类型2 6.0.0.0/8网段[路径110/代价20]通过192.168.40.2 时间58秒，端口F0/0

O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.30.1, 00:00:58, FastEthernet1/1

O N2 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 192.168.40.2, 00:00:58, FastEthernet0/0

//OSPF NSSA External Type 2 非纯末梢区域外部路径类型2 192.168.50.0/24网段[路径110/代价20]通过192.168.40.2 时间58秒，端口F0/0

路由器R5路由表显示如下：

O IA 192.168.30.0/24 [110/2] via 192.168.40.1, 00:03:46, FastEthernet1/1

C 5.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0

O IA 192.168.10.0/24 [110/4] via 192.168.40.1, 00:01:04, FastEthernet1/1

C 192.168.40.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/1

R 6.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 192.168.50.2, 00:00:09, FastEthernet0/0

//RIP 6.0.0.0/8网段[路径120/代价1]通过192.168.50.2 时间9秒，端口F0/0

O IA 192.168.20.0/24 [110/3] via 192.168.40.1, 00:03:46, FastEthernet1/1

C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

路由器R6路由表显示如下：

R 192.168.30.0/24 [120/10] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:12, FastEthernet1/1

R 192.168.10.0/24 [120/10] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:12, FastEthernet1/1

R 192.168.40.0/24 [120/10] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:12, FastEthernet1/1

C 6.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Loopback0

R 192.168.20.0/24 [120/10] via 192.168.50.1, 00:00:12, FastEthernet1/1

C 192.168.50.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet1/1

Step 3: 连通性检查

正向R1连通性检查：

R1#ping 192.168.10.2

//R2区域1端口

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

//正在发送5个100字节ICMP网间控制报文协议回应到192.168.10.2，超时2秒

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/57/116 ms

//成功率为100分之一百 (5.5)，往返最小/平均/最大 = 28/57/116 毫秒

R1#ping 192.168.20.1

//R2区域2端口

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/58/120 ms

R1#ping 192.168.20.2

//R3区域2端口

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 64/99/168 ms

R1#ping 192.168.30.1

//R3区域0端口

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.30.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 76/99/136 ms

R1#ping 192.168.30.2

//R4区域0端口

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.30.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 92/112/168 ms

R1#ping 192.168.40.1

//R4区域3端口

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.40.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 64/114/152 ms

R1#ping 192.168.40.2

//R5区域3端口

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.40.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 124/164/248 ms

R1#ping 192.168.50.1

//R5 RIP端口

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.50.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 140/180/264 ms

R1#ping 192.168.50.2

//R6 RIP端口

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.50.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 156/224/308 ms

反向R6连通性检查：

R6#ping 192.168.50.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.50.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/68/140 ms

R6#ping 192.168.40.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.40.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 32/68/152 ms

R6#ping 192.168.40.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.40.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/96/168 ms

R6#ping 192.168.30.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.30.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 60/89/184 ms

R6#ping 192.168.30.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.30.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 76/130/200 ms

R6#ping 192.168.20.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 100/136/208 ms

R6#ping 192.168.20.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.20.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 124/173/232 ms

R6#ping 192.168.10.2

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.2, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 144/198/276 ms

R6#ping 192.168.10.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.10.1, timeout is 2 seconds:

!!!!!

Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 156/198/260 ms

3．实验总结

l 非纯末梢网络NSSA (Not-So-Stubby Area) 允许外部路由通告到OSPF